作　者：桑兵
关键词：史料；史观；史论关系；文白；史学理论
摘　要：

史论关系，为治史必须面对却长期聚讼纷纭的问题。此事因缘于清季以来史料与 史学的区分，并由民国时期史料与史观的纷争而日益凸显。文言改白话，造成著史和读史时引文与行文的进一步分离，使得历史意见与时代意见更加隔膜。20 世纪 50 年代以来，史论关系经过持续争论，依然莫衷一是。受此影响，治史日渐重视说理，相对忽视叙事，举证为据的办法，往往脱离材料的时空位置及联系，用后出外来的架构系统条理裁量史事，把后人的认识当成历史的事实。应当努力从倾听历史的原声中把握前人本意和史事本相，寓说理于叙事之中，视引文行文为一体，呈现历史原汁原味的无穷精彩。

Listening to History:From the Separation of Materials and Perceptions
to the Integration of Narrative and Argument
Sang Bing (Sun Yat-sen University)

Abstract The relationship between narrative and argument is a controversial problem that has always been facing historians. Generated from the distinction between historical materials and history itself since the Qing dynasty, this problem became increasingly prominent during the debates over materials and perceptions in the Republican period. Moreover, when the classical Chinese was replaced by the vernacular language, the separation of quotations and main text was more inevitable both in writing and reading historical monographs, which made it more difficult for contemporary perceptions to coincide with historical opinions. Since the 1950s, there has been no consensus on this issue. Under such an influence, historians gradually valued argument over narrative. Consequently, materials were often dissociated from their own spatial and temporal environment and adapted into certain foreign frameworks, mistaking perceptions as historical facts. We should listen to history, trying to understand the real intention of our historical actors, and present it by integrating narrative with argument.
Key words historical materials; historical perceptions; relation between narrative and argument; classic Chinese and vernacular Chinese;history theory

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