作　者：秦小建
关键词：审判责任制；法院体制改革；独立行使审判权；审判权宪法功能；宪法体制
摘　要：

 审判责任制被视为法院体制改革的“牛鼻子”。由于改革任务落实的次序性和阶段性考量，其在法院体制改革整体部署中的定位被淡化，乃至陷入单兵突进的境地，只能依托行政化的方式推进，从而影响了审判权宪法功能的实现。回归“依法独立行使审判权”的宪法规范元点，审判权宪法功能的实现须遵循“独立—专业—责任”的改革逻辑。在此逻辑链条中，审判责任制居于责任一环，通过责任划分推进审判权职责清晰化，以责任追究祛除对审判权运行的干扰，实现“审理者裁判、裁判者负责”之目标设定。并将这一宪法定位具体化为责任标准，据此构造程序主义的责任观，由此形成对审判过程实质化、强化裁判结果与审判过程关联等审判权功能实现机制的责任约束。在此基础上，将审判责任制与宪法体制下审判权监督体系对接，走出导致改革内卷化的“法院（法官）—公众”对立结构，以体制性关联克服局限于法院内部追责所产生的制度繁冗和逻辑错乱。

 

Constitutional Foundation and Reform Logic of Trial Responsibility System

Qin Xiaojian (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

Abstract  Judicial responsibility system is regarded as the “nostrils” of the reform of the court system. However, due to the orderliness and phase considerations of the implementation of the reform task, its position in the overall deployment of the court system reform has been weakened, and can  only rely on administrative methods to advance, thus affecting the realization of the constitutional function of the judicial power. The realization of constitutional function of the judicial power must return to the key point of constitutional norms, i.e., “exercising jurisdiction lawfully, independently and impartially” and follow the reform progressive logic of “independent-profession-responsibility”. In this logical chain, the judicial responsibility system lies on the part of “responsibility”, which cooperates with the operation system reform of judicial power and resource optimization and configuration reform of judgement. The division of responsibilities promotes the clearness of judicial power responsibility; and the responsibility investigation eliminates the disturbance of judicial power operation, so as to achieve “the inquisitor judges and the judicator takes charge”.  The constitution should be located in  the liability standard and build the responsibility view of proceduralism, thereby to impose liability constraint for realization mechanism of judicial power, such as promoting the substantiation of judicial process, enhancing the correlation between results of judgement and judicial process and so on. On this condition, the judicial responsibility system should be integrated into the judicial power supervision system of constitutional system settings, surpass the “court (judge)-public” confrontation of reform “internalization” dilemma, and ease and construct the communication bridges between  court  and public, so that fundamentally overcome the system burden and logical confusion which lie in inner court according to institutional system association.

Key words      trial responsibility system; reform of the court system; independent exercise of judicial power by law; constitutional function of judicial power; constitutional system

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