作　者：刘磊
关键词：非法证据排除规则；司法磁滞效应；预防性制裁；毒树果实规则；刑事诉讼
摘　要：

 中国非法证据排除规则的运行实效与立法目标之间有着较大的差距，实践中表现为中国法院的弱排除模式与消极排除状态。中国非法证据排除规则的现行立法条文仍然存在着一些缺陷，中国的司法背景对非法证据排除规则的运行会产生磁滞效应，而且中国与美国的法院系统在司法功能定位上有所不同，所以中国法院不能像美国最高法院那样通过个案裁判方式来积极地排除违法证据。美国的非法证据排除规则有其历史经验，但也有很多教训。如果中国想要解决非法证据排除规则所面临的困境，首先有必要引入美国的预防性制裁理念与“毒树果实”规则，其次，中国法官应当综合运用强制排除模式与裁量排除模式来排除违法证据，最后，立法机关才是制定“排非”标准细则及吓阻警察违法取证的最佳机关。只有综合运用这些措施，才能建立适合中国国情的“排非”模式。

 

Exclusionary Rule Paradigm in China: Dilemma and Solutions

Liu Lei (Tongji University)

Abstract：There exist many disparities between actual effects and legislation intent on the prob- lem of Chinese Exclusionary Rule, Chinese criminal courts are too weak to exclusive unlawfully obtained evidence which also brings in negative exclusion model in judicial practice. Chinese legal statutes on Exclusionary Rule still have some loopholes and Chinese special judicial backgrounds may lead to magnetic field effect for Chinese judges. Because Chinese Courts have not higher judicial authority than America, Chinese judges cannot be so passive as U.S. Supreme Court is, so as to make judicial decisions on Exclusionary Rule case-by-case. We can find both some good values and lessons from American Exclusionary Rule’s legal history. If China try to solve all the problems on unlawfully obtained evidence, first of all, it is necessary to accept the ideas of preventive vindication and the rule of “fruits of poisonous tree”. Secondly, Chinese judge must decide good options in different models such as absolute exclusion or relative exclusion on illegal evidence. Finally, legislators are the best department to make detailed and bright-line standard to deter police wrongful and illegal conduct.   Only by these ways can China seek the best model according to judicial background.

Key words：exclusionary rule on unlawfully obtained evidence; judicial magnetic force influence; preventive exclusion; fruit-of-poisonous-tree rule; criminal procedure

 

作者简介 刘 磊，法学博士，同济大学法学院副教授

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