作　者：张红
关键词：性侵；性自主利益；一般人格权；侵权责任；精神损害赔偿；“Me Too”运动
摘　要：

 规制性侵是一项涉及民法、刑法的综合性法律议题，性侵侵害的是性自主利益，应纳入一般人格权保护范围。性侵有性骚扰、欺诈侵害性自主利益、正常婚姻关系中侵害性自主利益、强奸、猥亵、侮辱、强迫卖淫等类型。对性侵加害人课以民事责任是规制性侵的重要方式。性侵认定之难点集中于婚姻关系中性侵之认定和欺诈型性侵之认定。随着社会发展，婚内同居义务在弱化，夫与妻都享有独立的性自主利益，拒绝、强迫性行为理应成为离婚的法定事由。欺诈侵害性自主利益是否构成强奸可从行为性质欺骗、身份欺骗两方面进行判定。欺诈而为的性行为并非皆构成侵权，法官需参酌行为人是否以性作为欺诈目的、受害人受骗的诱因、行为人动机等。刑、民交叉案中受害人获得精神损害赔偿具有可行性，刑、民责任评价体系各自独立，依据《侵权责任法》第 4 条民事责任具有优先性，应支持刑、民交叉案中的精神损害赔偿。在现有规范体系下，法释 [2012]21 号文因违背上位法可不予适用，应扩张解释《刑事诉讼法》第 99 条将精神损害赔偿纳入其中。

 

Civil Liability to the Sex Invasion

Zhang Hong (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

Abstract    Sexual autonomy interests are important personal interests. There are different types of tort concerning sexual autonomy interests including but not limited to sexual harassment, infringement of sexual autonomy interests because of fraud, infringement of sexual autonomy interests in normal marriage, rape, obscene, insult, forced prostitution. In order to protect the sexual purity as well as physical and psychological health of victims, security offered by civil law is necessary. In a normal marriage, spouses enjoy independent sexual autonomy interests due to the abating of cohabitation duty. Refusal of sexual life and forced sexual life can be reasons for divorce. Whether the infringement of sexual autonomy interests because of fraud is recognized as rape can be determined from the perspectives of deceit of behaviors and deceit of identification. The infringement of sexual autonomy interests cannot always be recognized as a tort. Judges should approve the rights positively based on whether the deceit is aimed at sexual interests, the motivation of victims and the degree of malice with the help of active system theory. According to the 21st Judicial Interpretation in 2012, victims cannot be compensated for their spiritual damage. However, some judges decide that victims should be compensated for their spiritual damage. Judicial practice demonstrates that this is feasible. Because the evaluating system of criminal responsibilities and civil liabilities are separated and irreplaceable, and because civil liabilities have priority, the spiritual damages should be supported. In the system of present rules, the 21st Judicial Interpretation in 2012 is invalid because it contradicts the higher laws. The spiritual damages should be included in the extensive interpretation of the Article 99 of the criminal procedure law.

Key words   sex invasion; sexual autonomy interests; general personal right; tort liability; spiritual damages compensation; the “Me Too” movement

 

张 红，法学博士，中南财经政法大学法学院教授、博士生导师

 

 

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