作　者：李路路
关键词：社会阶层；社会分层；改革开放；阶层分化；阶层固化
摘　要：

 改革开放 40 年来中国社会结构变迁的基本特征是：从一个曾经是高度集中、相对同质性的社会结构体系逐渐分化为资源、地位、机会和利益相对分散、相对独立的结构体系；社会结构分化最重要的表现是整个社会正在逐渐分化为一个阶级阶层化的社会，或者说是从过去国家建构的简单的两个阶级、一个阶层框架或“身份等级”社会转变为复杂的阶级阶层社会；在这个过程中，阶级阶层代际之间的相对流动率经历了一个由低到高、又由高到低的波动过程。结构的分化和相对流动率的波动反映了中国社会转型的复杂过程。

 

Evolution of the Structure of Social Stratification over 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up in China

Li Lulu (Renmin University of China)

Abstract    The basic characteristic of changes in China’s social structure over the past 40 years of reform and opening up is that it has gradually evolved from a highly centralized and relatively homogeneous social structural system to a relatively dispersed and independent structural system with respect to resources, status, opportunities and interests. The most important manifestation of this differentiation is that the whole society is gradually diverging into a class society, or in other words,  evolving to a complex class society from a simple two  classes and one stratum framework  or a “status hierarchy” society constructed by the nation. During this process, the relative rate of intergenerational mobility among classes fluctuates from low to high and then high to low. Structural differentiation and fluctuations in relative intergenerational mobility reflect the complex process of social transformation in China.

Key words   social class; social stratification; Reform and Opening-up; class differentiation; class solidification

 

 

李路路，社会学博士，中国人民大学社会与人口学院教授、博士生导师

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