作　者：易显飞
关键词：人类生殖细胞基因编辑；CRISPR/Cas9；基因编辑婴儿实验；伦理风险；道德责 任；价值偏差
摘　要：

人类生殖细胞的基因编辑导致人生命自然属性的减弱和“技术—社会”属性 的增强，关于其伦理正当性问题的相关论争正在持续发酵。进行人类生殖细胞基因编辑的伦理风险主要包括：生命个体遭遇安全风险，将给整个人类群体的基因安全性造成不可估量的 风险；基因编辑对人类生命的筛选、编辑、修改，使生命的进化过程俨然变成一个技术选择 过程，这种人工改造对人类的生命尊严形成新的挑战；技术与资本的结合，使基因编辑扮演 了将生命价值商业化的不光彩角色。人类生殖细胞基因编辑增强技术的广泛使用，带来的将 是基因层面的社会阶层化，并形成新的优生学和另外一种形式的价值偏差。通过更迭伦理观 念，重新抉择价值顺序，将相关伦理规范法制化，并强化科研共同体道德责任培育，可对因人 类生殖细胞的基因编辑产生的伦理风险进行消解。

 

Ethical Issues and Resolutions in Gene Editing of Human Germ-cells

Yi Xianfei (Changsha University of Science & Technology)

Abstract：Gene editing of germ-cells leads to weakening of natural attributes of human life and enhancement of ``technology-society" attributes. The debate about ethical legitimacy of germ-cells is continuing. The ethical risk mainly includes the following aspects. First, individuals may undergo safety risks, as gene editing of germ-cells may pose an inestimable risk to the genetic safety of the entire human population. Second, the selection, editing and modification of life by gene editing turns the evolution of life into a ``technological selection process". This ``artificial transformation" poses a new challenge to the dignity of human life. Third, the convergence of technology and capital makes germ-cell gene editing play a disgraceful role in promoting the commercialization of life. The extensive use of gene editing in germ-cells will bring about a ``social class" at the genetic level, resulting in a new ``eugenics" and another form of ``value deviation". The issues mentioned above can be resolved by changing the ethical concepts, re-choosing the value order, legalizing the relevant ethical norms and strengthening the cultivation of moral responsibility of the scientific research community.

Key words： human germ-cells gene editing; CRISPR/Cas9; gene editing baby experiments; ethical risk; moral responsibility

 

■作者简介 易显飞，哲学博士，长沙理工大学哲学系教授、博士生导师，长沙理工大学科技与社会发展研究所所长； 湖南 长沙 410004。 

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