作　者：白刚
关键词：政治革命；革命政治；市民社会；政治经济学批判；政治哲学转向
摘　要：

近代资产阶级以“自由”和“平等”为旗帜而发动的“政治革命”，虽然推翻了宗教神权和封建王权——“神圣形象”的统治，但它只是使拥有财产的资产阶级获得了“政治   的”解放和“形式的”自由，广大无产阶级依然受“抽象”——“非神圣形象”的统治，它还不是普遍的“人的”解放和自由，而只是市民社会暂时的“政治平衡器”。马克思通过“政治经济   学批判”，深入挖掘和揭示了资产阶级政治革命背后深刻的经济学根源，实现了对政治革命之“政治经济学根基”的解剖和批判。在此意义上，“政治经济学批判”就是国民经济学语言的“救赎史”。正是在“政治经济学批判”的基础上，马克思主张从“政治革命”转向“革命政治”，通过无产阶级的联合劳动，消灭私有制而解放资产阶级旧社会所孕育的共产主义新社会的因素，最终实现普遍的“人的”解放和人之自由个性全面发展的“实体性自由”，从而完成“最高级自由革命”。

 

From “Political Revolution” to “Revolutionary Politics”

A Transition of Marx’s Political Philosophy

 

Bai Gang (Jilin University)

 

Abstract The “political revolution” launched by the modern bourgeoisie with the banner of “freedom” and “equality” did not bring about universal “human” liberation and freedom, but was a temporary “political balancer” of civil society. It only made the bourgeoisie possessing property acquire “political” liberation and “formal” freedom, but the majority of the proletariat was still ruled by the “abstract”-“non-sacred image”, al- though the “political revolution” overthrew the rule of “sacred image” which represented religious theocracy and feudal monarchy. Through the critique of political economy, Marx deeply explored and revealed the pro- found economic roots behind the bourgeois political revolution, and successfully analyzed and criticized the “political economic foundation” of “political revolution”. In this sense, “critique of political economy” is the “history of redemption” in the language of national economics. It is on the basis of “criticism of political economy” that Marx advocated the transition from “political revolution” to “revolutionary politics”, to liberate the factor of communist new society originating from old bourgeois society, through the joint labor of the proletariat, and the elimination of private ownership. In the end, “political revolution” could complete the “most advanced freedom revolution”, through the liberation of universal “human” and the “physical freedom” of full development of human freedom and personality.

Key words political revolution; revolutionary politics; civil society; critique of political economy; the transition of political philosophy

 

■ 作者简介 白  刚，哲学博士，吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院教授、博士生导师；吉林 长春 130012。

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