作　者：李佃来
关键词：马克思；《资本论》；正义
摘　要：

在《资本论》所可以开显出的理论议题中，正义问题占有一个十分关键的位置。我们今天全面理解和阐发的《资本论》中的正义问题，对《资本论》之当代意义的生动展开，以及对马克思政治哲学之研究的纵深推进，都具有重要意义。我们是否能够达到对《资本论》中的正义问题的全面理解和阐发，则有赖于对三个问题的解答：一是为何要从《资本论》的叙事结构来理解正义问题和马克思的正义思想？二是马克思为何在《资本论》中认为资本家与工人之间的交换关系是一种“正义”关系？三是马克思在《资本论》中对于正义的解析究竟有没有推进和超越现代西方正义理论？对这三个问题的解答表明，马克思的政治哲学和正义理论既有一个与西方通行的规范性政治哲学相对话的维度，又与后者存在根本差异。阐释和评价马克思政治哲学和正义理论的有效范式，只能是唯物史观的范式。作为一个有关正义问题或包含正义问题的文本，《资本论》的独特之处，就在于从唯物史观的思维视野出发，将对正义的规范性阐释，建立在了对现实历史的把握之上，或者将一个“建构性”的规范问题，转换为了一个“批判性”的历史问题。

 

Comprehensively Understanding the Issue of Justice in Das Kapital

Li Dianlai (Wuhan University)

Abstract Among the theoretical issues that can be revealed in Das Kapital, the issue of justice occupies a very key position. A comprehensive understanding and explanation of the issue of justice in Das Kapitalis of great significance for the opening of the contemporary significance of Das Kapital and the further promotion of the research of Marx’s political philosophy. Whether we can achieve a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the issue of justice in Das Kapital depends on the answers to three questions: Why should we understand the issue of justice and Marx’s thought of justice from the narrative structure of Das Kapital ? Why did Marx think that the exchange relationship between capitalists and workers is a kind of “just” relationship in Das Kapital ? Does Marx’s analysis of justice in Das Kapital promote and surpass the modern western justice theory? The answers to these three questions show that Marx’s political philosophy and the theory of justice not only have one dimension of dialogue with the western normative political philosophy, but also have fundamental differences with the latter. The effective paradigm to explain and evaluate Marx’s political philosophy and the theory of justice can only be the paradigm of historical materialism. As a text of justice or containing justice problem, Das Kapital starting from historical materialism, bases the normative interpretation of justice on the understanding of reality, or transforms a constructive normative issue into a critical historical issue.

Key words Marx; Das Kapital ; justice

 

■收稿日期 2020-10-05

■作者简介 李佃来，哲学博士，武汉大学哲学学院教授、博士生导师；湖北武汉 430072。

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