作　者：邹薇 雷浩
关键词：营商环境；资源错配；产业转型升级；中介效应
摘　要：

将营商环境纳入资源错配理论研究框架，将分省份市场化指数（营商环境的代理变量）与中国工业企业数据库进行匹配，实证检验营商环境对行业资源错配的影响，研究发现：提升营商环境对行业资源错配有改善作用，营商环境每提升一个百分点，行业资源错配降低 0.742%。中部地区的效应最为明显，东部次之，西部不显著；对资本密集型行业的效应强于劳动密集型行业；对资本错配的改善强于劳动力错配改善。就改善扭曲的类型而言，主要改善资本和劳动力的配置不足，而不是配置过度。营商环境通过降低企业利息负担和降低企业负担的地方税率两条路径改善行业资源错配，前者能同时改善资本和劳动力错配，而后者仅能改善行业劳动力错配。政府需要从招商引资向提升营商环境进行角色转变，调整出口结构，优化产业集聚程度，降低市场主体企业的经营成本，从而改善行业资源错配。    

 

The Improvement Effect and Working Mechanism of Business Environment on Resource Misallocation

An Empirical Analysis at the Industrial Level

Zou Wei, Lei Hao (Wuhan University)

 

Abstract By incorporating business environment into the research framework of resource misallocation theory, this paper matches the marketization index (a proxy variable of business environment) of each province with the China Industrial Enterprise Database and empirically examines the impact of business environment on industry resource misallocation. The study found that the improvement of the business environment has a positive effect on industry resource allocation. The misallocation is reduced by 0.742% for every one percentage point increase in the business environment. The effect in the central area is the most prominent, followed by the east, while the effect is not significant in the west. The effect is stronger in capital-intensive industries than in labor-intensive industries. The effect is stronger on capital misallocation than labor misallocation. The mediation testing found that business environment can improve industry resource allocation by reducing the interest payments and local tax rate of enterprises. The former can mitigate misallocation of capital and labor at the same time, while the latter can only mitigate misallocation of labor. Based on the empirical study, policy implications have been made for improving business environment.

Key words business environment; resource misallocation; industrial transformation and upgrading; mediation model

 

■作者简介 邹 薇，经济学博士，武汉大学经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430072： 雷 浩，武汉大学经济与管理学院博士研究生。

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