作　者：沈斌 黎江虹
关键词：公共数据治理；政务数据；数据共享；数据开放；数字政府；数字经济；数据要素市场
摘　要：

公共数据规范概念扩展造成立法对公共数据的规制规则无法一体化适用等困境 ，应通过在类型化的基础上分别设置各类公共数据规制内容的方式消解。通过解构公共数据的公共性要素，可以提炼出基于数源主体与数据内容公共性程度差异的分类标准，并据此将其分为政务数据、公共非营利主体数据、公共营利主体数据和非公共营利主体数据四类。各类公共数据的规制内容体现为根据其属性特征确定的强制性义务。具言之，政务数据应负担完整的数据共享、开放和管理义务，公共非营利主体数据应负担数据共享、开放义务和较高程度的数据管理义务，公共营利主体数据应负担数据共享义务和适度的数据管理义务，非公共营利主体数据只需负担数据共享义务。藉由分层嵌入规范对象的立法安排可以有效落实公共数据类型化规制的方案，规避公共数据集中立法存在的概念规范与规制规则彼此失调的体系性矛盾。

 

Typed Regulation of Public Data And Its Legislative Implementation

Shen Bin（Central China Normal University）

Li Jianghong（Zhongnan University of Economics and Law）

Abstract The regulatory difficulties caused by the expansion of the concept of public data norms, such as the inability of integrated application of regulatory rules，should be resolved by setting up various types of public data regulatory contents on the basis of categorization. By deconstructing the public elements of publicdata, we can extract the classification criteria based on the difference between the degree of publicness among subjects who collect data and data content, and divide public data into four categories: government data, public non-profit subject data, public profit subject data and non-public profit subject data. The regulatory con‐ tent of all kinds of public data is reflected in the mandatory obligations determined according to their attribute characteristics. Government data should bear the obligations of complete data sharing, openness and management, public non-profit subject data should shoulder the obligations of data sharing, opening and high-level data management, public profit subject data should bear the obligations of data sharing and moderate data management, and non-public profit entities only need to bear the obligation of data sharing. By embedding the legislative arrangement of normative objects in layers, we can effectively implement the regulation scheme of public data typing and avoid systematic contradictions between conceptual norms and regulatory rules in public data legislation.

Key words public data governance; government data; data sharing; data opening; digital government; digital economy; data element market

 

■    作者简介 沈 斌，法学博士，华中师范大学法学院讲师、硕士生导师；湖北 武汉 430079；黎江虹，法学博士，中南财经政法大学法学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430073。

[PDF]（下载数：）