作　者：彭柏林
关键词：中国特色社会主义志愿服务；公益至上；无私奉献；仁爱为怀；诚信无妄；知恩图报
摘　要：

中国特色社会主义志愿服务应秉持的道德理性应包括以下几个方面：一是公 益至上，即志愿者在处理个人利益与社会公共利益的关系时应将社会公共利益放在首位，以社会公共利益的实现和维护为最高价值目标。从本质上看，公益至上追求的是社会发展成果能够最大化、最公平地为社会全体成员享用。其价值取向之确立，依据于共享发展理念， 依赖于人们对社会公平正义的追求和渴望及基于此形成的公共责任意识。二是无私奉献。本质而言，志愿服务本身就是一种奉献，奉献与志愿服务具有内在同一性，或者说，奉献是志愿服务的内在规定性，没有奉献就无所谓志愿服务。这就内在地、逻辑地规定了奉献是志愿服务应秉持的最根本的道德理念和应遵循的最基本的伦理原则规范，它要求志愿者不仅具有济世利民的道德情怀，而且具有勇于自我牺牲的精神。三是仁爱为怀，即要尊重志愿服务对象作为人的价值和尊严，尊重志愿服务对象的自尊心，在志愿服务活动中具有一种“到心” 的道德责任感。四是诚信无妄，即志愿者应真心实意地履行自己的义务和责任，不应以谎言骗人，不应说一些不能兑现或无用的大话，不应面诺背违、阳非阴是、口惠而实不至，时时事事均要体现求真求实精神，做到对志愿服务事业真心实干、全心全意、精益求精。五是知恩图报，即志愿服务对象在接受志愿服务走出困境后，应出于对社会的感激之情积极回报社会，甚至尽自己所能积极参与到志愿服务中来，这是基于人的社会公益责任和义务而产生的道德要求和道德规范。长远地看，提倡知恩图报是志愿服务的社会作用得以充分发挥出来并获得可持续发展的重要保障之一。

 

Moral Rationality Upheld by Socialist Volunteerism With Chinese Characteristics

Peng Bailin（Hunan Institute of Science and Technology）

 

Abstract The moral rationality that should be upheld by socialist volunteerism with Chinese characteristics includes at least the following aspects. The first is the primacy of social public good. Volunteers should put the public good in the first place when dealing with the relationship between personal interest and social public interest, and take the realization and maintenance of social public interest as the highest value goal. In essence, the pursuit of the public good is to maximize the fruits of social development and make those fruits be shared in the most equitable way by all members of society. The establishment of its value orientation re‐ lies on the concept of shared development, people's pursuit of social justice and the desire for it, as well as the sense of public responsibility. The second is selfless dedication. In essence, volunteerism itself is a kind of dedication. Dedication and volunteerism are intrinsically the same, or rather, dedication is an intrinsic requirement of volunteerism, and there is no such thing as volunteerism without dedication. This aspect of volunteer‐ ism inherently and logically stipulates that devotion is the most fundamental moral concept and the most basic ethical principle that should be followed in volunteerism, which requires volunteers not only to have the moral sentiment of helping the world and the people, but also to have the spirit of courageous self-sacrifice. The third is benevolence and love, that is, to respect the value and dignity of the recipients of volunteer services as a human being, to respect the self-esteem of the recipients, and to have a sense of moral responsibility "to the heart" in the volunteer activities. The fourth is integrity without delusion. Volunteers should sincerely fulfill their obligations and responsibilities. They should not lie to people or say anything that can not be achieved or is useless big talk, or give some promises and then violate them, paying lip service. Instead, they should make everything reflect the spirit of truthfulness and truth-seeking, and put their whole heart to volunteer service, do the volunteer work sincerely, and strive for excellence. The fifth is being grateful. After get‐ ting rid of difficulties, the recipients of volunteer services, out of gratitude to society, should actively return to society, and even do their best to actively participate in volunteer services, which is based on human social responsibility and obligation, and moral requirements and ethics. In the long run, advocating gratitude is one of the important guarantees with which volunteerism can give full play to its social role and obtain sustainable development.

Key words socialist volunteerism with Chinese characteristics; the primacy of public good; selfless dedication; benevolence and love; integrity without delusion; being grateful

 

■    作者简介 彭柏林，哲学博士，湖南理工学院马克思主义学院教授，湖南师范大学道德文化研究中心、中国特色社会主义道德文化省部共建协同创新中心首席专家；湖南 岳阳 414006。

 

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