作　者：张文喜
关键词：马克思；书报检查制度；体制批判；学术写作规则
摘　要：

为一切哲学家、学者提供思想言论和出版自由，是启蒙和哲学的自由探究一直梦想却又无法实现的一个人权神话，其显见的原因之一是哲学和政治之间有着明显的理念冲突。体制也一直认为它的敌人就是观念和具有观念批判能力的人。书报检查制度以及有关写作的规训是体制应对它的敌人的一种方法。马克思对普鲁士书报检查制度的批判是对体制的批判。这一任务的主要思想包含在哲学和政治的关系论述里，也包含在对学术写作规则的批判里。马克思以“自由的自然规律”为出发点来批评书报检查制度，以此透过对思想语法、表达和写作潜规则的批判，将作者置于真理、言论自由者的地位。透过马克思对书报检查的批评，我们也许可以明白为什么马克思最富有哲学激情的作品是“政治的”。

 

The Criticism of Academic Writing Rules In Marx's Early Political Articles

Zhang Wenxi（Renmin University of China）

Abstract Providing freedoms of thought, expression and publication for all philosophers and scholars has been a mythology of human rights that the Enlightenment and philosophical explorations of freedom have been dreaming about but never bringing about. One obvious reason is that there is a strong clash of ideas between philosophy and politics. Institution also see as its enemies ideas and people capable of critical ideas. The censorship of publications as well as disciplines on writing is the way for the institution to cope with its enemies. Marx's criticism of Prussian censorship, in fact, is the criticism of the institution. The main idea of this task is contained not only in the discussion of the relationship between philosophy and politics, but also  in the criticism of academic writing rules. Taking ''the natural law of freedom'' as a starting point, Marx refuted the censorship and made writers megaphones of truth and freedom of speech by criticizing the grammar and expression of thoughts and the hidden rules of writing. Through his criticism of the censorship, we may well understand why Marx's most philosophically passionate works appear to be ''political''.

Key words Marx; censorship of publications; criticism of institution; academic writing rules

 

■作者简介 张文喜，哲学博士，中国人民大学哲学院教授、博士生导师；北京 100872。

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