作　者：张浩然
关键词：信息财产；知识产权保护；数据要素市场；数据财产权益；商业秘密；秘密—公开二分法；私力控制
摘　要：

与有体财产不同，信息财产的法律保护机制遵循着秘密—公开信息的二分，仅秘密信息可通过保护对客体的事实控制来保障利益实现，即支撑型机制；公开信息则主要依靠法律创设排他性权利加以保护，即创设型机制。受限于权利法定原则，创设型机制需因应技术进步不断作出调整。伴随着数据成为新生产要素，国内主流观点主张在数据之上设立新的排他性权利，美国、日本等国的数据保护实践却选择对支撑型机制进行扩张，基于企业对数据的事实控制建构保护制度，这为信息财产保护提供了新范式。在数字环境下，信息与其含义、主体及物理载体逐渐分离，企业对信息的私力控制范围进一步拓宽，支撑型机制适用范围扩张，且相对于创设型机制更具效率优势，传统秘密—公开信息的二分方式已不再适用。为弥补技术变革环境下法定知识产权僵化和滞后的缺陷，应构建更具包容性和现代性的支撑型机制，在商业秘密制度基础上建立合法控制信息保护制度，对向有限主体提供、采取相应控制措施并因此具有商业价值的信息，禁止他人未经许可的获取、利用、公开行为。

 

From Constructive Mechanism to Auxiliary Mechanism: The Paradigm Shift of Information Assets Protection In Digital Age

Zhang Haoran（Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）

Abstract Different from physical property, the legal protection of information follows the secrecy-publicity dichotomy, only secret information can be protected based on the exclusive control over the object to fulfill the interests (auxiliary mechanism), while other information should be protected through establishment of exclusive rights (constructive mechanism). Restricted by the numerus clausus principle, the constructive mechanism needs to be constantly adjusted with technology development. With data becoming the new production factor, the majority view advocates a new exclusive property right on data. However, the data protection practices in such countries as the United States and Japan have chosen to expand the auxiliary mechanism, which provides a new paradigm for the information assets protection in digital age. In digital environment, information is gradually abstracted from its meaning, creator, receiver and carrier. The ability of enterprises to control information has been largely expanded, and the secrecy-publicity dichotomy is no longer applicable. It's necessary to build a more inclusive and modern auxiliary mechanism, a protection system for information within lawful control based on trade secret system, to prohibit acquiring, utilizing, or disclosing the information, which can only be accessed by limited subjects, thus generates commercial value, and has been taken control with measures correspondingly.

Key words information property; IPR protection; data element market; property interests in data; trade secrets; secrecy-publicity dichotomy; private control

 

■作者简介 张浩然，中国社会科学院法学研究所助理研究员；北京 100720。

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