作　者：李永萍
关键词：婚配模式变迁；婚配权力；婚配能力；婚姻挤压；农村婚姻市场；个体本位；初婚率；婚姻家庭
摘　要：

老实人光棍是当前农村一种新型的光棍，这类光棍群体的出现是农村婚配实践变迁的产物。婚配实践包括婚配权力和婚配能力两个重要变量。在乡村社会转型过程中，婚配实践的主体发生变迁和分化。其中，婚配权力的主体逐渐从父代向子代转移，子代个体的婚配意志凸显，父代成为退居于后台的支持者；婚配能力的主体日益从家庭整体转向子代自身，子代的个体性禀赋在婚姻达成中愈益凸显，因而婚配实践呈现出个体本位的特征。当年轻人主导婚配权力之后，其个体性的情感偏好和交往能力直接影响了婚配对象的选择。那些太老实、不善于与女孩子交往的男性很容易成为婚姻市场竞争中的失败者，极可能面临打光棍的命运。可见，当前的婚姻市场竞争不再是局限于以父代为核心的家庭经济竞争，而是扩展为子代的个体性竞争，后者放大了个体性因素的婚姻市场分化效应，“老实人”群体沦为光棍的风险显著增加。

 

Individual Standard of Marriage Practice: The Formation Mechanism for "Honest Bachelor" in Rural China

Li Yongping（Nankai University）

Abstract   Honest-but-single, a new type of bachelor group in the countryside, is the result of changes   in rural marriage practice. Marriage practice includes two important variables: marriage power and marriage ability. In the process of the transformation of rural society, the subject of marriage practice changes and diverges. Among them, the subject of marriage power is gradually transferred from the parent generation to the offspring generation, and the individual will of the offspring generation becomes prominent, while the parent generation is reduced to a supporter behind the scene. The main body of marriage ability is increasingly shifting from the whole family to the offspring themselves, and the offspring's individual endowment is increasingly prominent in the marriage matching process. Therefore, marriage practice takes on the characteristics of individual standard. When young people dominate the marriage power, their individual emotional preference and communication ability directly affect the choice of marriage partners. Those men who are too honest and not good at communicating with girls are easy to become the "defective products" in the marriage market and are likely to end up single. The marriage market competition is no longer limited to family wealth of parent generation, but also the individual competition of the offspring generation, thus amplifying the differentiation effect of individual factors in the marriage market, and significantly increasing the risk of honest bechalor group remaining single.

Key words changes in rural marriage practice; marriage power; marriage ability; marriage squeeze; rural marriage market; individual standard; first marriage rate; marriage and family

 

■作者简介 李永萍，南开大学周恩来政府管理学院助理研究员；天津 300350。

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