作　者：苟东锋
关键词：名；知识论；名分；名言；名声
摘　要：

 中西交通以来，正如中国有无哲学，中国有无知识论亦成为一大问题，其中的 症结在于如何理解“知识”概念。若我们暂时悬置目前流行的“反向格义”的诸做法，秉持一种“以名表实而成知识”的“正向格义”思路，或许会打开一个新的视野。在名学即中国知识论的理解架构中，对儒家之“名”三重内涵的深入考察直接关涉儒家知识论的诸多议题。首先， 名分义涉及儒家知识的来源，名分作为超越的原则包含了一切儒家的真知识和真观念；其次，名分义可以构成一种名分知识，而先秦儒家对名分知识何以可能以及如何推论等问题均已有所思考和回应；最后，以名分知识为内核的道德知识与非道德知识的关系关乎儒家的现代化，而在这方面，对涉及儒家知识获取方式的名言义和名声义的审查有利于厘清其中的问题。总之，通过“名”的观念重新疏通儒家的知识论，不失为一条可行而合理的研究路径。

 

Knowledge Is Made by Using Ming ( Name ) to Show Shi ( Reality )

A Legitimate Approach to the Study of Confucian Theory of Knowledge

Gou Dongfeng（East China Normal University）

Abstract   Since the communication between China and the West,  just as whether there is philosophy   in China, the question of whether China has a theory of knowledge is also a big one. The crux is how to understand the concept of knowledge. If we temporarily suspend the current popular practices of "reverse analogical interpretation", and uphold an "analogical interpretation" of "using name to show reality", maybe we will open a new perspective. In the understanding framework of Ming theory, namely, Chinese theory of knowledge, the in-depth investigation of the three connotations of Confucian Ming is directly related to many issues of Confucian theory of knowledge. First of all, the meaning of Mingfen refers to the source of Confucian theory of knowledge. As the principle of transcendence, Mingfen contains all the true knowledge and ideas of Confucianism. Secondly, the meaning of Mingfen can constitute a kind of Mingfen knowledge, and the pre-Qin Confucianism has considered and responded to the question of why Mingfen knowledge is possible and how to deduce it. Finally, the relationship between moral knowledge with Mingfen knowledge as the core and non-moral knowledge bears on the modernization of Confucianism, and in this respect, the examination of Mingyan and Mingsheng which are involved in the acquisition methods of the Confucian knowledge will help to disentangle the above issues. In a word, it is a feasible and legitimate approach to re-dredge the Confucian theory of knowledge through the statement of Ming.

Key words Ming (name); theory of knowledge; Mingfen (status); Mingyan (word); Mingsheng (repute)

 

■作者简介 苟东锋，华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所研究员，华东师范大学哲学系教授，上海 200241。

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