作　者：彭玉平
关键词：王国维；罗振玉；《时务报》；《观堂集林》；通州师范学堂；京都
摘　要：

按照生计与学术之疏密关系，王国维一生大致以丙辰（1916）年初为界，可以分为前后两期：前期以学术为主，生计为次；后期则须综合兼顾学术与生计两端，无法过于轻重其间。王国维家境一般。据王国维自述及其尊人王乃誉之日记可知，其一年收入略副衣食之需而已。田租与房租是支撑其早年家用的基本来源，然收租诚然不易。王国维因许家惺之荐任上海《时务报》书记，月薪微薄，令王国维颇为失落，后兼译东文，始觉生计稍安。此后任教通州与苏州两所师范学堂，又赴任清学部总务司行走，此数职事所取薪也只是应付日常生活而已。辛亥革命后王国维随罗振玉东渡日本，寓居京都四年余，大体以理书、编刊、撰述等为生，生活安定而俭朴，学问则日见其大。先有生存，才有学术，梳理王国维早年家庭经济以及其早期生计情况，对于了解王国维如何权衡学术与生计的关系具有重要意义。

 

An Examination of Wang Guowei's Family Financial Situation and Early Subsistence

Peng Yuping（Sun Yat-sen University）

Abstract According to the close relationship between his livelihood and academic work, Wang Guowei's life could be roughly divided into two periods by the beginning of 1916 : the first period focused more on academic work than livelihood, while the second period saw a struggle to maintain a balance between the two. Wang Guowei came from an ordinary family, and his annual income was barely enough for his basic needs according to Wang Guowei's own account and the diary of his father Wang Naiyu. Farm rent and housing rent, which were not easy to come by, were the basic sources of support for his family in his early years. Wang Guowei worked as the secretary of the Current Affairs in Shanghai on the recommendation of Xu Jiaxing, but the meager monthly salary frustrated him. Then he had to take a sideline by translating Japanese literatures, which made his livelihood slightly secured. After that, he taught at two normal schools in Tongzhou and Suzhou, and then served in the General Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education of the Qing dynasty, with all these offers barely enough to keep body and soul together. After the Revolution of 1911, Wang Guowei went to Japan with Luo Zhenyu and lived in Kyoto for more than four years, making a living by sorting books, editing and publishing journals, and writing, etc. Living a stable yet frugal life, Wang Guowei managed to make ever greater academic achievements. As survival comes before academic work, it is of great significance to recognize how Wang Guowei weighed the relationship between scholarship and livelihood by analyzing his family financial situation as well as his livelihood in his early years.

Key words Wang Guowei; Luo Zhenyu; Current Affairs Report; Guantang Jilin; Tongzhou Normal School; Kyoto

 

■作者简介 彭玉平，中山大学中国语言文学系教授，广东 广州 510275。

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