作　者：陈广思
关键词：异化劳动；私有财产；分析—综合；循环论证
摘　要：

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的“异化劳动和私有财产”部分运用了分析—综合法，形成事实—概念的文本逻辑，表明异化劳动的概念并不先验地、分析性地包含私有财产的概念。异化劳动与私有财产之间具有“（认识）理由—结果”的因果关系，这种关系的形成包含“异化劳动事实→异化劳动概念+‘资本家’→私有财产概念”的分析—综合过程。通过马克思的这种方法论，我们可以明确马克思在此文本中为自己制定的理论任务及性质，证明马克思关于异化劳动和私有财产关系的推论不是循环论证，并从多个方面澄清学界认为此推论是循环论证的质疑。以此为视角来探讨这个问题，有助于我们深入了解青年马克思的思维方式、思想层次和哲学观点，以及马克思分析—综合法的科学性和深刻性。

 

Marx's Analytical-synthetic Method and the Problem Of Circular Argument

——A Revisit of "Alienated Labor and Private Property" Section Of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

Chen Guangsi

（Renmin University of China）

Abstract  In ''Alienated Labor and Private Property'' section of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844，Marx used the analytical-synthetic method to form a textual logic of ''facts-concepts'' which shows that the concept of alienated labor does not transcendentally and analytically contain the concept of private property. The causal relationship between alienated labor and private property are ''(epistemic) reason-result'', whose formation includes the analysis-synthesis process of ''the fact of alienated labor → the concept of alienated labor + 'capitalist' → the concept of private property''. Through this methodology, we can identify the theoretical task and its nature that Marx set for himself in this text, and the text of ''Alienated Labor and Private Property'' itself can provide sufficient evidence to prove that Marx's deduction is not a circular argument and dismiss from multiple aspects such doubt among academic community. Exploring this topic will facilitate an in-depth understanding of the young Marx's way of thinking, ideological levels and philosophical views, as well as his science-based, profound  analytical-synthetic method.

Key words  alienated labor; private property; analysis; synthesis; circular argument

■ 作者简介  陈广思，中国人民大学哲学院副教授，北京 100872。

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