作　者：徐佳虹 迟帅
关键词：乡村工匠；技能社会；职业空间；技能形成；超龄农民工；工匠精神
摘　要：

乡村工匠的技能对推进乡村振兴具有现实价值。基于生命历程视角对X村瓦工近30年职业空间与技能转型进行分析，可以发现：随着城乡一体化发展，工匠技能劳动从以村为中心到依托县域，再延展至城市劳动力市场；同时，伴随乡村工匠职业空间的转移，工匠自身的技能呈现出分化与升级的多重趋向。一方面，从乡村到城市更加开放的劳动力市场给予了工匠新的职业空间，他们通过习得新技能或提升原有技能构建了新的生活方式；另一方面，受到年龄与学历限制以及缺乏相关制度保障，工匠技能升级与职业转型面临各种困境，加之更开放的劳动力市场使其在既有的乡村社会中不占优势，在城市只能从事低技能劳动工作，甚至成为不稳定劳工群体。工匠承担不确定性风险的能力较弱，依靠技能人才推动乡村振兴，既要从制度上给予工匠劳动保护，还要营造工匠精神的文化氛围。

 

Career Transition and Skills Change for Rural Artisans

Xu Jiahong， Chi Shuai (Nankai University)

Abstract  The skills of rural artisans are of real-world value in promoting rural revitalization. Based on the analysis of X-village tilers' occupational space and skill transformation in the past 30 years from a life cycle perspective, this study finds that with the development of urban-rural integration, the occupational space of rural artisans has been extended from village to county, and further to urban labor markets, and along with the extension, their skills have gone differentiated or upgraded. On the one hand, the more open labor market in big cities than in the countryside gives rural artisans new career space, and they build a new way of life through acquiring new skills or upgrading existing skills. On the other hand, age, education background and a lack of relevant institutional safeguard challenge artisans in terms of skills upgrading and career transformation. Moreover, a more open labor market has weakened their competitiveness in current rural society, and even made them an unstable labor group for only low-skilled jobs available to them. Since artisans are relatively weak in resisting risks of uncertainty, to promote rural revitalization with skilled personnel requires both institutional labor protection and the creation of a cultural atmosphere for craftsmanship.

Key words  rural artisans; society of skills; occupational space; skill formation; overage migrant workers; craftsmanship

■ 作者简介  徐佳虹，南开大学马克思主义社会学研究中心助理研究员，天津 300350；迟帅，南开大学社会学系副教授。

[PDF]（下载数：）