作　者：王增文 马雪杨
关键词：生育政策；政策科学；生育率；中国方案；生育问题
摘　要：

低生育率已成为中国社会乃至全球发展的常态。如何精准捕捉生育政策与生育率的关系、促使生育支持政策体系与生育率之间形成良性互动和有机统一，是当前面临的首要难题。破解这一难题，需要打破原有分析框架，运用政策科学视角，创新性地探讨生育政策的建构和行动逻辑，以寻求政策的调整和优化方向。不同于其他公共政策，生育的“家务性”决定了在生育政策的建构中，需要寻求工具理性与价值理性的有机融合，正确认识生育问题的“集体无理性”；而在生育政策的行动理路中，中国式科层结构及其制度运作的有效性决定了生育政策上传下达的一致性以及其他政策与生育政策的协同性。基于这样的建构和行动逻辑，要使生育率实现有效回升，生育政策需要一方面继续发扬人本主义精神、着重宣传教育和培养意识，另一方面保持一致性，并与其他公共政策联合发力。

  

The Logics and Paths of Improving Birth Policies Based on Policy Science Framework

Wang Zengwen，Ma Xueyang（Wuhan University）

 

Abstract Low fertility rate has been the norm in China and beyond. How to maintain a balance between birth policies and fertility rates and promote their integration and mutually reinforcing interaction has become a significant issue today. Finding a way out of such dilemma needs to break away from the traditional analytical frameworks and probe from the perspective of policy science into innovative formulation and action logic of birth policies so as to seek policy adjustment and optimization. Different from other public policies, the "household" nature of birth giving requires the organic integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality as well as correct understanding of the "collective irrationality" in birth issues when formulating birth policies. Moreover, in the implementation of birth policies, the Chinese-style bureaucratic system and its operation effectiveness will determine the policy consistency at different levels, as well as the coordination between birth policies and other policies. Based on such framework and implementation logics, in order to ultimately increasing the birth rates, birth policies should give expression to humanism with focus on promoting education and cultivating awareness on the one hand and maintain policy consistency and coordination with other public policies on the other hand.

Key words birth policies; policy science; fertility rate; Chinese solutions; birth issue

 

■作者简介 王增文，武汉大学政治与公共管理学院教授，湖北 武汉 430072； 马雪杨（通讯作者），武汉大学政治与公共管理学院博士后。

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