作　者：常鹏翱
关键词：征收补偿；物权变动；被征收人保护；《民法典》施行；土地制度改革
摘　要：

征收需进行公平合理及时的补偿，征收和补偿形成唇齿关系，通常概括为“有征收必有补偿，无补偿则无征收”。在我国，这种唇齿关系的具体方案是“先补偿、后交付”，即征收机关依法向被征收人实际补偿后，被征收人再交付被征收财物，与德国等法域采用的 “先补偿，后物权变动”方案明显不同。“先补偿、后交付”方案符合我国征收决定和实施的整体制度，符合我国的土地储备制度，符合我国相应的民事法律制度，具有合理性。从法律制   度的整体来看，“先补偿、后交付”中的“补偿”仅限于实际补偿，不包括拟定补偿方案、补偿款足额到位、签订补偿协议或作出补偿决定。“先补偿、后交付”是在法律框架内保护被征收人利益的强制规范，除非被征收人自愿放弃这种利益，否则征收机关所为的与此相悖的违法行为，无论是补偿决定、非补偿协议的其他约定还是强制拆迁，均不受法律保护，征收机关应依法承担法律责任。

 

Chinese Solution to the Interdependence of Expropriation and Compensation:

An Expansion Centering on "Delivery After Compensation"

Chang Peng'ao（Peking University）

Abstract Land expropriation necessitates fair, reasonable and timely compensation and the interdependence between expropriation and compensation can be summarized as "expropriation comes with compensation and no compensation, no requisition". The Chinese solution to this interdependence is "delivery after compensation", that is, the expropriated party delivers the expropriated property after the party receives compensation from the expropriating authority in accordance with the law, which is significantly different from the "compensation first, alteration of property rights second" model adopted in jurisdictions such as Germany. The Chinese solution is reasonable in that it aligns with China's overall system of expropriation decisions and implementation, its land reserve system and civil law system related to expropriation. From a holistic perspective on the legal system, "compensation" in "delivery after compensation" refers exclusively to actual compensation provided, excluding the formulation of compensation plans, efforts to ensure funds fully available, conclusion of compensation agreements or decision to provide compensation. The "delivery after compensation" principle serves as a mandatory norm within the legal framework to protect the interests of the expropriated party. Unless the expropriated party voluntarily waives such interests, any activities by the expropriating authority against this principle, be it the compensation decision, arrangements outside compensation agreements or forced demolition are regarded illegal and the concerned authority shall bear the legal responsibility according to the law.

Key words compensation for expropriation; real right change; protection of the expropriated party; implementation of the Civil Code; land system reform

■    作者简介  常鹏翱，北京大学法学院教授，北京 100871。

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