作　者：袁文全 毛嘉
关键词：
摘　要：

新业态用工属于新兴用工方式，伴随平台经济的兴起而蓬勃发展，新就业形态劳动者的劳动保障权益维护是数字经济时代法治领域面临的重要课题。社会保险权益是新就业形态劳动者劳动保障权益的重要方面，对新就业形态劳动者社会保险权益的保障应遵循从属性理论的分析逻辑，克服公平失灵问题，最终实现对从业人员的社会保护。实践中从业人员参保积极性不高、用工单位承担从业人员劳动权益保障责任范围不明的问题突出，主要是由调整新就业形态劳动者社会保险权益保障的法律机制不完备、现行法制将社会保险权益与劳动关系捆绑所致。基于对用工单位的从属性强弱程度不同，新就业形态劳动者社会保险权益的保障与维护应分层分类施策，并注重公平性和充分性。公平性是指用工单位和从业人员依法共同参加社会保险缴费，同时由用工单位对低频接单员工和业余接单员工承担部分工伤保险待遇给付；充分性是指由强制性社会保险和自愿性商业保险共同提供保障，后者发挥补充作用。一般性、普遍性需求由强制性社会保险提供保护，个性化、多样性需求则应通过自愿性商业保险实现。

关键词 新就业形态；平台用工；社会保险权益；不完全劳动关系；职业伤害保障；劳务外包

 

On the Legal Approach to the Protection of Social Security Rights and Interests of Workers Engaged In

New Forms of Employment

Yuan Wenquan，Mao Jia（Chongqing University）

Abstract With booming development of platform economy, labor protection of workers engaged in new forms of employment is an important issue in the legal domain in the era of digital economy. The protection of social security rights and interests of those workers, as in integral part of their labor protection, should follow the analytical framework of dependency on employers, overcome issues of justice failure, and ultimately achieve social protection of those workers. However, two prominent problems persist in practice: low enthusiasm for social insurance and unclear scope of employers' responsibility for the protection of social security rights and interests of those workers. These issues primarily stem from the inadequacy of legal mechanisms in regulating the social security rights and interests protection of those workers, and the current legal system's linkage of social insurance rights with labor relation. On account of their varying degrees of dependency on employers, the protection of social security rights and interests of those workers should be implemented through stratified and categorized approaches, with an emphasis on both fairness and sufficiency. Fair‐ ness entails that both employers and employees should contribute their shares of social insurance according to the law, and employers should bear part of work-related injury insurance for employees who take orders infrequently or on a part-time basis. Sufficiency means that those workers are covered by both compulsory social insurance and voluntary commercial insurance, with the latter as a supplement to the former; their fundamental and common needs will be covered by the former, while their personalized and diverse needs by the latter.

Key words new forms of employment; platform employment; social security rights and interests; incomplete labor relations; occupational injury insurance; labor outsourcing

 

■    作者简介 袁文全，重庆大学法学院教授，可持续发展研究院研究员，重庆 400030；毛 嘉，重庆大学法学院博士研究生。

 

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